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The Peace of Lund, signed on 16 September (O.S.) / 26 September 1679, was the final peace treaty between Denmark-Norway and the Swedish Empire in the Scanian War. The war had started when Sweden on French initiative attacked Brandenburg-Prussia. Denmark got involved as part of the anti-Franco-Swedish alliance, occupied the Swedish dominions in northern Germany, incorporated the Swedish ally Holstein-Gottorp, won naval supremacy in the Baltic Sea and recovered some of her Scandinavian provinces lost in the Treaty of Copenhagen (1660). Since 1678, France divided the anti-Franco-Swedish alliance by concluding separate peace treaties with its members in the Treaties of Nijmegen. Strengthened by the outcome of these treaties, France strove to relieve her Swedish ally. French military pressure first forced Brandenburg-Prussia into the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679), depriving Denmark of her most important ally. Just after this had caused Danish and Swedish diplomats to start negotiations in Lund, French forces crossed into Danish territory and forced Denmark to accept the French-dictated Treaty of Fontainebleau (1679), that called for restoring to Sweden all her pre-war possessions and Holstein-Gottorp to its duke. Dano-Swedish negotiations in Lund continued, and the final treaty did not only confirm and detail the terms of Fontainebleau, but also included a secret alliance outlined primarily by Gyllenstierna. The alliance, fragile from the beginning, broke apart in the following year after Gyllenstierna's death. ==Background== In 1678/79, Louis XIV of France ended a series of conflicts by the Treaties of Nijmegen, most notably the Franco-Dutch War.〔Goubert (1991), p.128〕 These treaties were favourable for France, who continued to maintain and use her 100,000 troops〔Goubert (1991), p. 133〕 and her status as a great power to expand (pursuing so-called ''réunions'')〔Goubert (1991), p. 134〕 and intervene in the Scanian War.〔Frost (2000), p. 213〕 This war had started when France pressed her Swedish ally to attack her adversary Brandenburg-Prussia in 1674.〔Frost (2000), p. 210〕 This move, though performed half-hartedly, succeeded in the withdrawal of the main Brandenburg-Prussian army from the French border in order to confront Sweden.〔 The price paid by Sweden for relieving Brandenburgian pressure on France was a series of lost battles from Fehrbellin to Stralsund, which expelled Sweden from her Pomeranian dominion.〔Frost (2000), pp. 210-212〕 Furthermore, the Swedish attack on Brandenburg prompted Denmark-Norway, like Brandenburg-Prussian a member of an anti-French alliance,〔 to enter the war.〔Frost (2000), p. 212〕 Before attacking Sweden directly, Christian V of Denmark expelled the Swedish ally Christian Albrecht (or Albert) from Holstein-Gottorp.〔 Christian Albrecht had allied with Sweden after he was outmaneuvered by Christian V in a conflict over the succession in Oldenburg, which emerged after Anton Günther of Oldenburg's death in 1667.〔Hille (ADB)〕 In 1675, Christian V's attack forced Christian Albrecht to unite his duchy with Denmark in the Treaty of Rendsburg and exile to Hamburg.〔 Later in 1675, the Danish armies sacked Swedish Wismar and Bremen-Verden, participated in the Brandenburg-Prussian campaign in Swedish Pomerania, and started a naval offensive that two years later put an end to Swedish supremacy in the Baltic Sea in the Battle of Køge.〔 Danish recovery of the provinces lost to Sweden in the Second Northern War however proved difficult, and after the Danish invasion in June 1676 and the subsequent setback in Lund, neither Denmark nor Sweden was able to gain the upper hand in the Scanian theater.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peace of Lund」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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